Lithium batteries have a wide range of applications in daily life. There are several types such as: special lithium batteries, imported lithium batteries, power lithium batteries, smart lithium batteries, cylindrical batteries, polymer batteries, and lithium iron phosphate batteries.
So let’s first analyze the power lithium battery today. Power batteries are most commonly used in vehicles, such as electric vehicles. There are two common lithium batteries used in electric vehicles, lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries. It is undeniable that the explosion and spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries on electric vehicles have also brought a lot of trouble to everyone. So what is the principle of lithium battery? Is there any way to prevent lithium batteries from exploding? So today, Xuan Li will explain the little knowledge to everyone.
Why do lithium batteries explode?
The reasons for the explosion of lithium batteries are as follows:
1. Thermal runaway causes spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries. It refers to the phenomenon that the battery itself is overheated, or is charged in a high temperature environment, which causes a natural explosion.
2. The lithium battery packaging is damaged or severely injured. There is a diaphragm inside the lithium battery. When the lithium battery is severely injured or a sharp object pierces the lithium battery, the diaphragm is damaged, resulting in an internal short circuit of the lithium battery, which will also cause the lithium battery to explode naturally.
3. If the voltage and current of the lithium battery exceed the specified value. (For example, a 20A lithium battery is charged with a 30A charger), which will cause the temperature of the lithium battery to be too high, which can easily cause the lithium battery to explode and catch fire.
4. Lithium battery quality problem. In order to save costs, a few factories cut corners and use waste lead as raw materials to make lithium batteries. Such lithium batteries do not have quality assurance and brand certification. The batteries produced are also prone to "leakage", which leads to natural lithium batteries. The lithium battery exploded.
5. Charging at low temperature. Ordinary batteries are easily damaged when they are charged at low temperatures. And throwing the lithium battery directly into the fire can also cause an explosion.
Five methods to prevent the natural explosion of lithium batteries:
1. Choose a lithium battery produced by a regular manufacturer
Do not use lithium batteries without standard or warranty. Power lithium batteries are commonly found in electric vehicles or automobiles, and have a wide range of applications. Therefore, there are branded lithium batteries in the market as well as unlicensed and unwarranted ones. Everyone tries to choose qualified lithium-ion batteries.
2. Use the original charger of lithium battery
Normal lithium batteries will be matched with qualified and matched lithium battery chargers. Do not charge too long. Unplug the charger in time after fully charging. Do not choose a charger that does not meet the specifications to charge the battery.
3. Avoid heavy injury or damage to the battery
In the process of using the lithium battery, please do not bend the battery, avoid the battery puncture, and put an end to this kind of wrong and dangerous behavior.
4. Avoid recharging the battery after the heat dissipation is complete
The battery is still in a state of heat dissipation after use, and it is not suitable for charging at this time. The heat of the battery itself and the heat of the current introduced by the charger will cause the battery to heat up sharply, causing the battery to lose moisture. Once it encounters a high temperature environment, it will happen naturally. Try to cool the battery completely before charging, and choose a cool and ventilated place.
Measures to be prepared for the explosion of lithium batteries:
1. Adding a flame retardant to the existing electrolyte, although it has an impact on the battery‘s use effect, at least it is flame retardant.
2. Strengthening the protection board, although the cost is a bit high, but it can effectively solve the problem.
3. When selecting materials for lithium batteries, the synthesis conditions must be optimized, and quality-guaranteed batteries must be selected.
4. Keep away from fire sources when using and storing lithium batteries.
